Deutsch-Chinesische Enzyklopädie, 德汉百科

       
German — Chinese
Military, defense and equipment Maritime Reconnaissance Aircraft

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波音E-3空中预警机
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E-3哨兵式预警机(又称望楼式)是波音公司生产的全天候空中预警机(AWACS),主力提供管制、控制、通讯、侦蒐等功能。美国英国沙特阿拉伯法国北约组织等国家或组织都有使用,1992年生产线关闭前一共生产了68架。后续机型波音E-767

E-3预警机是直接在波音707商用机的机身上,加上旋转雷达模组及陆空加油模组。雷达直径9.1米,中央厚度1.8米,用两根4.2米的支撑架撑在机体上方[1]。AN/APY-1/2水平旋转雷达可以监控地面到同温层之间的空间(包含水面)。四具引擎可为雷达提供1兆瓦特的电量[1]

E-3哨兵式预警机所用的多普勒脉冲雷达可以在250英里半径以上的范围内侦测高海拔低速飞行体(以雷达地平线为准),而水平脉冲波(BTH)则可在400英里范围内侦测中低海拔(同样以雷达地平线为准)的空中载具,雷达组中的副监督雷达子系统可以进一步对目标进行辨认和标出敌我机,并消去地面物体造成的杂乱讯号 [1][2][3]

美军E-3机队2001年进行升级Block 30/35修正专案。升级包含四项增强[4]

  • 电子支援措施(ESM)可以被动侦测到地面或空中的电波发射源。
  • 联合战情分配系统(JTIDS Link-16)确保资讯流不会阻塞,定位和确认能力加强。
  • 增加电脑内存以配合JTIDS(Link-16)、ESM和未来升级
  • 全球定位系统(GPS)

其他主要子系统是导航、通讯和电脑(资料解读)等。电脑控制台上的显示器把资料以图形和表格方式呈现,监视、确认目标、兵器控制调度、战术管制、通讯等都是在电脑控制台上完成[1]。E-3的雷达和电脑子系统可以综整显示当下战场状态,资料随时收集随时更新。支援敌机敌船的持续追踪,资料可以传给后方指挥中心,紧急时还可以直接传给美国的国家指挥中心[1]

在支援空对地行动时,它可以协调禁飞、侦蒐、空运和近距离轰炸支援等等多种战术;还有全面的空中资讯提供给指挥官进行空战部署,所以E-3也是极大的空中防御资产。E-3可以侦测、辨识和追踪美国和北约远方边境的任何飞机并直接调派战机拦截[1]

E-3在美国和北约服役的机型一次加油可滞空8小时(4,000英哩),而新型的英、法、沙特阿拉伯版本换装CFM56-2引擎后,一次可以飞10小时(5,000英里),航程还可以用空中加油来延长。另外,机上还有组员轮班休息区[1][2]

首架E-3的工程测试评估在1975年10月开始。1977年3月首架E-3投入552空中预警管制中队(现为552空中管制中队,驻于奥克拉荷马州Tinker空军基地)服役[1]

 
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波音P-8海神式巡逻机
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川崎P-1海上巡逻机
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洛克希德 P-3猎户座海上巡逻机
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